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TIME: Almanac 1993
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TIME Almanac 1993.iso
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1992-08-28
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SPECIAL SECTION: THE SOVIET EMPIRE, Page 41Whispers of Hatred
Leningrad writer Nina Katerli first heard about the bizarre
leaflet from a friend. A cooperative venture called EXODUS was
announcing plans for a special event to take place at 4 a.m. on
March 13. Anyone seeking information was advised to call
Katerli's home telephone. A noted author of moral parables,
Katerli is of Jewish, Russian and Polish descent and has become
used to such crude ethnic provocations ever since she started
drawing public attention to anti-Semitism in the Russian
nationalist movement.
For the past 15 months Katerli has been in court fighting
charges that she defamed local Patriot society leader Alexander
Romanenko by comparing passages in his book The Class Character
of Zionism with Nazi writings. In her view, the official
propaganda campaign against "Zionist racism" has been a form of
sanctioned anti-Semitism. Now that glasnost is flourishing, she
is worried about more virulent forms of prejudice as Russian
nationalists seek a scapegoat to blame for seven decades of
Communist misrule.
Pamyat, a hodgepodge of rabid Russian nationalist groups,
some operating in secret, spins out tales of a historic
Jewish-Masonic conspiracy against Russia. The organization looks
for Masonic symbols everywhere, even in the five-pointed red
stars atop Kremlin towers. A "de-Zionization" program,
attributed to Pamyat, urges that Jews and their relations not
be allowed to acquire degrees, join the Communist Party or hold
elective office until their numbers in the ruling elite are
brought into proportional balance with the population at large.
What worries Jews and many non-Jewish Soviets is that such
nationalistic ravings might gain support in a time of heightened
ethnic tensions and economic uncertainty. In January a band of
some 50 Pamyat supporters disrupted a meeting of liberal writers
in Moscow, waving anti-Semitic banners and shouting racist
slogans. One hooligan warned the crowd, "We have come this time
with a megaphone -- but next time with a gun." On a video clip
shown on state-run television, a protester shouted, "Neither the
KGB nor the party can help you now. We will be masters of the
country, and you, bastards, should take off for Israel."
That incident has sparked rumors across the country that a
wave of pogroms against Jews would begin on May 5. Nationalist
groups have disavowed any connection to recent anti-Semitic
actions, but not in a way that would comfort Jews: writer
Stanislav Zolottsev has suggested that it is a provocation aimed
at persuading American officials to allow more Soviet Jews to
enter the U.S. as political refugees. However, the Moscow
prosecutor has begun investigations to determine if Pamyat
supporters should be charged with "inciting national and racial
hatred and strife." If the inquiry results in a trial, it will
be the first time the law has been invoked since Mikhail
Gorbachev came to power.